Understanding PFAS

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that have been used in a wide range of consumer products for decades. These toxic compounds have become ubiquitous in our environment, food, and bodies, sparking growing concerns about their impact on human health and the environment.

PFAS are a class of man-made chemicals that contain fluorine and carbon atoms. They were developed in the 1940s and 1950s for their non-stick, waterproof, and fire-resistant properties. PFAS were used in a variety of applications, including:

• Non-stick cookware: Teflon and other non-stick coatings contain PFAS.
• Food packaging: PFAS are used in food wrappers, containers, and pizza boxes.
• Clothing: Waterproof and stain-resistant clothing often contains PFAS.
• Furniture and upholstery: PFAS are used in fabric treatments to repel stains and water.
• Personal care products: PFAS are found in cosmetics, toothpaste, and mouthwash.

PFAS enter products through a process called fluorination, where a fluorine atom is added to a carbon chain to create a durable, non-stick surface. This process makes the product resistant to heat, water, and oil, but it also makes it extremely difficult to break down or biodegrade.

The widespread use of PFAS has led to their presence in our environment, food chain, and even our bodies. Exposure to PFAS has been linked to numerous health problems, including:

• Cancer: Studies have shown that high levels of PFAS exposure increase the risk of testicular cancer, kidney cancer, and thyroid disease.
• Reproductive issues: Exposure to PFAS has been linked to reduced fertility, lower birth weight, and altered fetal development.
• Neurological damage: Prenatal exposure to PFAS has been linked to decreased cognitive function, memory loss, and changes in brain development.
• Immune system suppression: Prolonged exposure to PFAS can weaken the immune system, making us more susceptible to infections.

• Children: Exposure to PFAS during fetal development or early childhood can have long-term effects on brain development and overall health.
• Pregnant women: High levels of PFAS exposure during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays.
• Workers: People who work with or near products containing PFAS may be at higher risk of exposure due to skin contact or inhalation.

• A study published in the Journal of Environmental Science and Health found that repeated washing in hot water with a mild detergent reduced PFOA levels in clothing by 50-70%.
• Another study published in Environmental Science & Technology found that washing clothes in hot water with a detergent containing a specific enzyme reduced PFOS levels by 30-50%.

Research suggests that washing clothes regularly can help reduce PFAS levels, but it may not completely eliminate them. The general guidelines:

• Hot water: Washing clothes in hot water (above 104°F/40°C) can help break down and remove PFAS.
• Detergent: Using a mild detergent specifically designed for washing synthetic fabrics can help remove PFAS.
• Multiple wash cycles: Repeated washing cycles may be necessary to effectively remove PFAS.
• Avoid bleach or harsh chemicals: Avoid using bleach or harsh chemicals, as they can damage fabrics and potentially release more PFAS.

• Type of PFAS: Different types of PFAS have varying degrees of persistence and bioaccumulation in textiles. Some PFAS, like PFOA and PFOS, are more easily removed through washing, while others, like GenX, may be more resistant.
• Type of fabric: The type of fabric used in the garment also affects the ease of removal. For example, cotton and polyester blends are generally easier to clean than synthetic fabrics like nylon or polyester.
• Washing method: The washing method used can impact the effectiveness of PFAS removal. Hot water and harsh detergents can help break down and remove PFAS, while cold water and gentle detergents may not be as effective.

While the risks associated with PFAS exposure are concerning, there are steps that we can all take in order to protect ourselves and reduce our exposure:

• Choose non-toxic alternatives: Opt for non-stick cookware made from ceramic or stainless steel instead of Teflon-coated pans.
• Avoid food packaging with PFAS-containing linings.
• Wash your clothes regularly: Washing your clothes frequently can help reduce the amount of PFAS released from fabric treatments.
• Use personal care products labeled as "PFAS-free."
• Support policies that regulate PFAS use: Advocate for policies that restrict the use of PFAS in consumer products.

As we become more aware of the risks associated with PFAS exposure, it's essential that we take action to reduce our exposure and promote a safer environment for ourselves and future generations.